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<title>Engine Arm</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Engine Arm</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size: larger; background-color: #CEDEFF">Engine Arm</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">The roving bridge at the junction with the Old Main Line</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">0.5 miles (0.80 km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum height above sea level</th><td class="infobox-data">473 ft (144 m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Navigable</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Navigation authority</th><td class="infobox-data">Canal and River Trust</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Principal engineer</th><td class="infobox-data">BCN engineers</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other engineer(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Telford</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date of first use</th><td class="infobox-data">1790</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch of</th><td class="infobox-data">Birmingham Canal Navigations</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Connects to</th><td class="infobox-data">Old Main Line</td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><div style="margin-left:55px"><div style="white-space:nowrap;margin-right:55px;font-size:113.63636363636%">Engine Arm</div></div>

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2">Smethwick New Pumping Stn

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2">Brasshouse Bridge

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="Thomas_Telford" title="Thomas Telford">Telford's</a> New Main Line <div class="RMsi">Birmingham Level</div>

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="John_Smeaton" title="John Smeaton">Smeaton's</a> Old Main Line <div class="RMsi"><a href="Wolverhampton_Level" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton Level">Wolverhampton Level</a></div>

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="Engine_Arm_Aqueduct" title="Engine Arm Aqueduct">Engine Arm Aqueduct</a>

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="Gauging_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauging station">Gauging station</a> island

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2">Smethwick Locks (3)

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="Smethwick_Engine" title="Smethwick Engine">Smethwick Engine</a> House

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="Smethwick_Junction_(canal)" title="Smethwick Junction (canal)">Smethwick Junction</a>

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2">Feeder <div class="RMsi">(not navigable)</div>

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<td class="RMr" colspan="2"><a href="Edgbaston_Reservoir" title="Edgbaston Reservoir">Edgbaston (Rotton Park) Reservoir</a>

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<p><br>

The <b>Engine Arm</b> or <b>Birmingham Feeder Arm</b> near <a href="Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a>, <a href="West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a>, <a href="England" title="England">England</a>, is a short canal which was originally part of a feeder tunnel for a pumping engine. When the Smethwick flight of locks were reduced from six to three, the pumping engine was moved to a new site, which allowed part of the feeder tunnel to be opened up and made navigable, so that coal supplies for the engine could be delivered by barge. The Engine Arm also supplied the pumped water to the 473-foot (144 m) Wolverhampton level of the lowered summit. The arm was extended between 1825 and 1830 by <a href="Thomas_Telford" title="Thomas Telford">Thomas Telford</a> to carry water from Rotton Park Reservoir (now called <a href="Edgbaston_Reservoir" title="Edgbaston Reservoir">Edgbaston Reservoir</a>) to the Old Main Line of the <a href="BCN_Main_Line" title="BCN Main Line">BCN Main Line</a> Canal, and the <a href="Engine_Arm_Aqueduct" title="Engine Arm Aqueduct">Engine Arm Aqueduct</a> was inserted to carry it over the new main line constructed at that time, which was 20 feet (6.1 m) lower. The arm is now managed by the <a href="Canal_and_River_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal and River Trust">Canal and River Trust</a> and the basin beyond the site of the pumping station, which was replaced by a new engine house near Brasshouse Lane bridge in 1892, is used for residential moorings.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>When the Birmingham Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament in February 1767, the engineer <a href="James_Brindley" title="James Brindley">James Brindley</a> had expected to be able to tunnel through a ridge of higher ground near <a href="Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a>. However, trial borings to assess the nature of the ridge revealed running sand and other material quite unsuitable for tunnelling through, so Brindley recommended that they go over the top of the ridge, with locks at both ends and fire engines to pump the water up to the summit level, because of the lack of local water sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197416–17_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197416–17-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was achieved by building the Smethwick flight of six <a href="Canal_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal lock">locks</a> at the eastern end and the corresponding Spon Lane flight of six locks at the western end. The canal opened on 25 March 1772.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197424,_26_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197424,_26-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations with Boulton and Watt began in August 1776, and the Spon Lane engine was installed by them and operational by April 1778, pumping <a href="Reclaimed_water" title="Reclaimed water">reclaimed water</a> back up to the summit level. Because of its success, a second engine was ordered for the Smethwick end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197474–75_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197474–75-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was erected 0.75 miles (1.2 km) from the summit pound. It drew water from the bottom of the flight through a feeder tunnel, and another feeder tunnel delivered the pumped water to the upper level.<sup id="cite_ref-tour_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tour-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The summit was only about 1,000 yards (910 m) long, and resulted in considerable delays as traffic levels increased. In 1786, the company decided to lower the level of the summit to the Wolverhampton Level of 473 feet (144 m), and contacted <a href="John_Smeaton" title="John Smeaton">John Smeaton</a> to act as engineer, but he does not seem to have played an active part in the actual work which was carried out by the company's engineers. The redundant top three locks of each flight were filled in, although three new locks, running parallel to the originals, were constructed at the Smethwick end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197483–84_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197483–84-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Spon Lane engine also became redundant, and although the company considered moving it to supply the locks at Toll End and Bradley Hall, they sold it to the <a href="Dudley_Canal" title="Dudley Canal">Dudley Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197477_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197477-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original location of the pumping station is not known with any certainty, but the engine, now known as the <a href="Smethwick_Engine" title="Smethwick Engine">Smethwick Engine</a>, was moved nearer to the canal around 1790, at a location where part of the existing supply tunnel could be reused. The feeder was made navigable at that time, so that coal could be delivered to the engine by barge. As the engine now only had to raise water by 20 feet (6.1 m), instead of 38 feet (12 m), the 24-inch (61 cm) pump was moved to <a href="Ocker_Hill" title="Ocker Hill">Ocker Hill</a>, and a new 30-inch (76 cm) pump was fitted. By 1803 the engine was in poor condition, and was refurbished by Boulton and Watt, which included fitting a new 33-inch (84 cm) cylinder in place of the previous 32-inch (81 cm) one. A second engine was ordered in February 1804, and was operational from 2 May 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>By 1824 the Birmingham Canal Navigations operated more than 70 miles (110 km) of canals, with connections to several independent canals. However, they were faced with the new threat of a railway being built from Birmingham to Liverpool, and engaged Thomas Telford to advise them on improvements that could be made. He recommended that a new reservoir should be built at Rotton Park to improve the water supply, and that the main line should be improved by a number of deep cuttings, to enable it to follow a straighter route at a lower level than the old main line,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadfield198586–87_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadfield198586–87-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as sowing the seeds for the <a href="Birmingham_and_Liverpool_Junction_Canal" title="Birmingham and Liverpool Junction Canal">Birmingham and Liverpool Junction Canal</a>, to link the network to the <a href="River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">River Mersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadfield1985183_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadfield1985183-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reservoir was built, and the improvements to the main line were completed in September 1827.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadfield198587_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadfield198587-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near Smethwick Summit, Telford's new main line ran close to the existing James Brindley Old Main Line, but was 20 feet (6.1 m) lower, as it avoided Smethwick locks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200326_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson200326-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In order to get water from the new Rotton Park Reservoir, Telford extended the Engine Arm eastwards, creating a basin beyond the engine house. This was fed with water from the reservoir by a new culvert. The Engine Arm was carried over Telford's new canal to rejoin the upper level by the cast iron <a href="Engine_Arm_Aqueduct" title="Engine Arm Aqueduct">Engine Arm Aqueduct</a>, which was installed around 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-tour_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tour-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now a <a href="Scheduled_Ancient_Monument" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Ancient Monument">Scheduled Ancient Monument</a>, as are the excavated foundations of the Smethwick Engine, at the corner of Rolfe Street and Bridge Street North.<sup id="cite_ref-sandwell10_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandwell10-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Boulton and Watt carried out major repairs to the original engine in 1853 and fixed failures to both engines in 1876. In March 1878, both engines were running 24 hours a day at full capacity. By 1891, they were reaching the end of their lives and were beyond economical repair,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058–59_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058–59-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so in 1892 they were replaced by a new engine house near Brasshouse Lane bridge. It was the last pumping engine to be installed on this section of canal and initially contained two vertical compound engines with centrifugal pumps. These could pump enough water to fill 200 locks each day. It remained in use until 1905, when one of them was moved to Bentley. The remaining engine continued to be used until the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The two beam engines remained on site for another five years, until they were dismantled and the building demolished in 1897. The newer engine was sold for scrap, but the older engine was transported by barge to Ocker Hill, where it was reassembled, so that it could be used for demonstrations. It was last steamed there in 1919 for the James Watt Centenary celebrations. <a href="Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> tried to buy it in 1928 for his museum of Physical Science in Detroit, but the company did not want to part with it, and sold him an engine from Ashted. When Ocker Hill Works closed in 1960, the engine was dismantled again, to be donated to the Birmingham Museum of Science and Industry. After a period in storage,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197059–60_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197059–60-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is now displayed in the Power Up Gallery at <a href="Thinktank%2C_Birmingham_Science_Museum" title="Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum">Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The end of the arm is used for residential moorings, with space for 16 boats. It is managed by the <a href="Canal_and_River_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal and River Trust">Canal and River Trust</a>, and the site includes a facilities block, car parking for residents and electric hook-ups for the boats.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="gallerytext">Telford's cast iron aqueduct</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">The top of the aqueduct</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Engine Arm Basin - private moorings at the end of the navigable section</div>

</li>

</ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Canals_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Canals of the United Kingdom">Canals of the United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_British_canal_system" title="History of the British canal system">History of the British canal system</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197416–17-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197416–17_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroadbridge1974">Broadbridge 1974</a>, pp. 16–17.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197424,_26-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197424,_26_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroadbridge1974">Broadbridge 1974</a>, pp. 24, 26.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197474–75-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197474–75_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroadbridge1974">Broadbridge 1974</a>, pp. 74–75.</span>

</li>

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.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://industrialtour.co.uk/engine-arm-aqueduct/">"Engine Arm Aqueduct"</a>. Industrial Tour. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210116100415/https://industrialtour.co.uk/engine-arm-aqueduct/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2021.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197483–84-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197483–84_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroadbridge1974">Broadbridge 1974</a>, pp. 83–84.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197477-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBroadbridge197477_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBroadbridge1974">Broadbridge 1974</a>, p. 77.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaverWeaver1970">Weaver & Weaver 1970</a>, p. 58.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadfield198586–87-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadfield198586–87_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadfield1985">Hadfield 1985</a>, pp. 86–87.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadfield1985183-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadfield1985183_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadfield1985">Hadfield 1985</a>, p. 183.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHadfield198587-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHadfield198587_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHadfield1985">Hadfield 1985</a>, p. 87.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENicholson200326-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENicholson200326_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNicholson2003">Nicholson 2003</a>, p. 26.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1391874" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1391874?section=official-list-entry">"Engine Arm Aqueduct (1391874)"</a>. <i><a href="National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-sandwell10-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sandwell10_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011147/http://www.laws.sandwell.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/waterways/canals/top-10-canal-attractions/">"Top Ten Canal Attractions"</a>. Sandwell Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laws.sandwell.gov.uk/ccm/navigation/transport-and-streets/waterways/canals/top-10-canal-attractions/">the original</a> on 28 September 2007.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058–59-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197058–59_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaverWeaver1970">Weaver & Weaver 1970</a>, pp. 58–59.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1077154" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1077154?section=official-list-entry">"Smethwick New Pumping House (1077154)"</a>. <i><a href="National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197059–60-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeaverWeaver197059–60_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeaverWeaver1970">Weaver & Weaver 1970</a>, pp. 59–60.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/thinktank/highlights/discover-the-past">"Discover the past"</a>. Birmingham Museums Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200720050200/https://www.birminghammuseums.org.uk/thinktank/highlights/discover-the-past">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.watersidemooring.com/611-engine-arm-residential-l1">"Engine Arm Residential L1"</a>. Canal and River Trust. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813030149/https://www.watersidemooring.com/611-engine-arm-residential-l1">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div>

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<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFBroadbridge1974" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Broadbridge, S R (1974). <i>The Birmingham Canal Navigations</i>. Vol. 1: 1768-1846. David and Charles. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7153-6381-2</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFHadfield1985" class="citation book cs1">Hadfield, Charles (1985). <i>The Canals of the West Midlands</i>. David and Charles. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-7153-8644-6</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFNicholson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Nicholson_Guides" title="Nicholson Guides">Nicholson</a> (2003). <i>Nicholson Guides Vol 3: Birmingham and the heart of England</i>. Harper Collins. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-00-713666-7</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFPearson1989" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, Michael (1989). <i>Canal Companion - Birmingham Canal Navigations</i>. J. M. Pearson & Associates. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-907864-49-3</bdi>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWeaverWeaver1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Weaver, C P; Weaver, C R (July 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rchs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Journal-081-Jul-1970.pdf"><i>The Smethwick Pumping Stations</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Journal. Vol. XVI No 3. Railway and Canal Historical Society. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227112228/https://rchs.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Journal-081-Jul-1970.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 February 2021.</cite></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Birmingham_Canal_Navigations155" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Birmingham_Canal_Navigations155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Birmingham_Canal_Navigations" title="Birmingham Canal Navigations">Birmingham Canal Navigations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navigable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Birmingham_and_Fazeley_Canal" title="Birmingham and Fazeley Canal">Birmingham and Fazeley Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Bumble_Hole_Branch_Canal" title="Bumble Hole Branch Canal">Bumble Hole Branch Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Cannock_Extension_Canal" title="Cannock Extension Canal">Cannock Extension Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Digbeth_Branch_Canal" title="Digbeth Branch Canal">Digbeth Branch Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Dudley_Canal" title="Dudley Canal">Dudley Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Gower_Branch_Canal" title="Gower Branch Canal">Gower Branch Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Icknield_Port_Loop" title="Icknield Port Loop">Icknield Port Loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Netherton_Tunnel_Branch_Canal" title="Netherton Tunnel Branch Canal">Netherton Tunnel Branch Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Rushall_Canal" title="Rushall Canal">Rushall Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Spon_Lane_Locks_Branch" title="Spon Lane Locks Branch">Spon Lane Locks Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Tame_Valley_Canal" title="Tame Valley Canal">Tame Valley Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Titford_Canal" title="Titford Canal">Titford Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Walsall_Canal" title="Walsall Canal">Walsall Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Wednesbury_Oak_Loop" title="Wednesbury Oak Loop">Wednesbury Oak Loop</a></li>

<li><a href="Wednesbury_Old_Canal" title="Wednesbury Old Canal">Wednesbury Old Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Wyrley_and_Essington_Canal" title="Wyrley and Essington Canal">Wyrley and Essington Canal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unnavigable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anson_Branch" title="Anson Branch">Anson Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Bentley_Canal" title="Bentley Canal">Bentley Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Bradley_Branch" title="Bradley Branch">Bradley Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Lichfield_Canal" title="Lichfield Canal">Lichfield Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Ridgacre_Branch" title="Ridgacre Branch">Ridgacre Branch</a></li>

<li><a href="Tipton_Green_and_Toll_End_Canals" title="Tipton Green and Toll End Canals">Tipton Green and Toll End Canals</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junctions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aldersley_Junction" title="Aldersley Junction">Aldersley Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Aston_Junction" title="Aston Junction">Aston Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Birchills_Junction" title="Birchills Junction">Birchills Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Bromford_Junction" title="Bromford Junction">Bromford Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Catshill_Junction" title="Catshill Junction">Catshill Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Fazeley_Junction" title="Fazeley Junction">Fazeley Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Horseley_Fields_Junction" title="Horseley Fields Junction">Horseley Fields Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Huddlesford_Junction" title="Huddlesford Junction">Huddlesford Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Ogley_Junction" title="Ogley Junction">Ogley Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Turn_Junction" title="Old Turn Junction">Old Turn Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Pelsall_Junction" title="Pelsall Junction">Pelsall Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Rumer_Hill_Junction" title="Rumer Hill Junction">Rumer Hill Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Rushall_Junction" title="Rushall Junction">Rushall Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Salford_Junction" title="Salford Junction">Salford Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Smethwick_Junction_(canal)" title="Smethwick Junction (canal)">Smethwick Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Spon_Lane_Junction" title="Spon Lane Junction">Spon Lane Junction</a></li>

<li><a href="Tame_Valley_Junction" title="Tame Valley Junction">Tame Valley Junction</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reservoirs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chasewater" title="Chasewater">Chasewater</a></li>

<li><a href="Cofton_Reservoir" title="Cofton Reservoir">Cofton Reservoir</a></li>

<li><a href="Edgbaston_Reservoir" title="Edgbaston Reservoir">Edgbaston Reservoir</a></li>

<li><a href="Netherton_Reservoir" title="Netherton Reservoir">Netherton Reservoir</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dudley_Tunnel" title="Dudley Tunnel">Dudley Tunnel</a></li>

<li><a href="Lapal_Tunnel" title="Lapal Tunnel">Lapal Tunnel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aqueducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Engine_Arm_Aqueduct" title="Engine Arm Aqueduct">Engine Arm Aqueduct</a></li>

<li><a href="Stewart_Aqueduct" title="Stewart Aqueduct">Stewart Aqueduct</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges and viaducts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Galton_Bridge" title="Galton Bridge">Galton Bridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Parkhead_Viaduct" title="Parkhead Viaduct">Parkhead Viaduct</a></li>

<li><a href="Summit_Bridge%2C_Smethwick" title="Summit Bridge, Smethwick">Summit Bridge</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pumping stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Smethwick_Engine" title="Smethwick Engine">Smethwick Engine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Delph_Locks" title="Delph Locks">Delph Locks</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gas_Street_Basin" title="Gas Street Basin">Gas Street Basin</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adjoining canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Coventry_Canal" title="Coventry Canal">Coventry Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_Union_Canal" title="Grand Union Canal">Grand Union Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Pensnett_Canal" title="Pensnett Canal">Pensnett Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Staffordshire_and_Worcestershire_Canal" title="Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal">Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Stourbridge_Canal" title="Stourbridge Canal">Stourbridge Canal</a></li>

<li><a href="Worcester_and_Birmingham_Canal" title="Worcester and Birmingham Canal">Worcester and Birmingham Canal</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Boat_Gauging_House%2C_Tipton" title="Boat Gauging House, Tipton">Boat Gauging House, Tipton</a></li>

<li><a href="Galton_Valley_Canal_Heritage_Centre" title="Galton Valley Canal Heritage Centre">Galton Valley Canal Heritage Centre</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_levels_of_the_Birmingham_Canal_Navigations" title="Water levels of the Birmingham Canal Navigations">Water levels of the Birmingham Canal Navigations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-01" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Engine_Arm&oldid=1283470880">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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